Sources for the Investiture Controversy
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Sources for the Investiture Controversy |
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| 1046 | Synod of Sutri: three rival popes are deposed |
| 1049‒1054 | Pope Leo IX (Bruno of Toul) |
| 1049 | Council of Reims |
| 1053 (Jun.) | Battle of Civitate |
| 1054 | Schism with Eastern Church at Constantinople |
| 1056 (5 Oct.) | Death of Emperor Henry III |
| 1056‒1065 | Minority of Henry IV |
| 1057 | Pataria movement first active in Milan |
| 1057‒1058 | Pope Stephen IX (Frederick of Lorraine) |
| 1059‒1061 | Pope Nicholas II (Gerard of Burgundy) |
| 1059 | Papal election decree establishes role of the cardinals |
| 1059 | Treaty of Melfi between Nicholas II and the Normans of southern Italy |
| 1061‒1073 | Pope Alexander II (Anselm of Lucca) |
| 1061‒1064 | Cadalus of Parma (anti-pope) |
| 1066 (27 Jun.) | Assassination of Arialdo, leader of the Milanese Pataria |
| 1066 (14 Oct.) | Norman conquest of England |
| 1073‒1075 | Saxon rebellion against Henry IV |
| 1073‒1085 | Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) |
| 1075 | Lenten Synod at Rome (possibly first lay investiture prohibition) |
| 1075 | Henry IV appoints Tedald archbishop of Milan as well as bishops of Fermo and Spoleto |
| 1075 (Dec.) | Gregory VII's letter (3.10) to Henry |
| 1076 (24 Jan.) | Synod of Worms: German bishops call for Gregory to step down |
| 1076 (14‒22 Feb.) | Lenten Synod at Rome: Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV and bishops at Worms |
| 1076 (27 Apr.) | Bishop William of Utrecht dies a month after pronouncing excommunication of Gregory VII |
| 1076 (Oct.) | Henry negotiates with princes at Tribur-Oppenheim |
| 1077 (25‒28 Jan.) | Encounter at Canossa |
| 1077 | Ramihrd executed as a heretic at Cambrai; Gregory VII excommunicates those involved |
| 1077 (13 Mar.) | Election of Rudolf of Rheinfelden as (anti-)king at Forchheim |
| 1078 (7 Aug.) | Battle of Mellrichstadt |
| 1080 (27 Jan.) | Battle of Flarchheim |
| 1080 (Mar.) | Second excommunication of Henry IV |
| 1080 (25 Jun.) | Council of Brixen: Gregory VII deposed and Wibert of Ravenna elected as Clement III |
| 1080 (15 Oct.) | Battle of the Elster: Rudolf dies of wounds received |
| 1080 (Oct.) | Battle of Volta Mantovana |
| 1081 (Aug.) | Hermann of Salm elected as king by the opposition to Henry IV |
| 1081‒1084 | Henry IV's second Italian expedition |
| 1084 (Mar.) | Henry IV enters Rome, installs Clement III and is crowned emperor |
| 1084 (2 Jul.) | Battle of Sorbaria |
| 1084 (Jul.) | Norman sack of Rome; Gregory VII flees to Salerno |
| 1085 (25 May) | Death of Gregory VII |
| 1086 (11 Aug.) | Battle of Pleichfeld |
| 1086‒1087 | Pope Victor III (Desiderius of Montecassino) |
| 1087 (30 May) | Conrad, son of Henry IV, crowned co-king of Germany |
| 1088 (28 Sept.) | Death of Hermann of Salm (anti-king) |
| 1088‒1099 | Pope Urban II (Odo of Lagery) |
| 1090‒1111 | Ivo, bishop of Chartres |
| 1090‒1097 | Henry IV's third Italian expedition |
| 1093‒1109 | Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury |
| 1093 | Conrad, son of Henry IV, rebels against his father in Italy |
| 1095 (1‒7 Mar.) | Council of Piacenza: Reform program renewed |
| 1095 (Nov.) | Council of Clermont: First Crusade is announced |
| 1099 (Jul.) | First Crusaders capture Jerusalem from the Fatimid Caliphate |
| 1099‒1118 | Pope Paschal II (Ranierius of San-Clemente) |
| 1100 (Aug.) | Henry I becomes king of England after the death of his brother, William Rufus |
| 1100 (Sept.) | Death of Wibert/Clement III |
| 1100‒1101 | Theoderic of Albano chosen to succeed Clement III |
| 1102 | Albert of Silva Candida chosen as (anti-)pope by cardinals supportive of Clement III |
| 1103 (Jan.) | Imperial Peace declared at Mainz |
| 1105 | Rebellion of Henry V against his father |
| 1105 (23 Dec.) | Henry V imprisons his father near Mainz |
| 1105‒1111 | Maginulf of San-Angelo chosen as (anti-)pope |
| 1106 (22 Mar.) | Battle of Visé: Henry IV's forces defeat those of his son |
| 1106 (7 Aug.) | Death of Henry IV |
| 1106 | Investiture settlement in France |
| 1106 (Aug.) | Louis VI becomes king of France after his father's death |
| 1107 (Aug.) | Investiture settlement in England |
| 1111 (Feb.) | Negotiations at Sutri between Paschal II and Henry V |
| 1111 (Apr.) | Henry V extracts the "praevilegium" from Paschal II and is crowned emperor |
| 1114 (Jan.) | Marriage of Henry V and Mathilda of England |
| 1115 (24 Jul.) | Death of Mathilda, countess of Tuscany |
| 1115 | Death of Tanchelm, wandering preacher active the Low Countries |
| 1118‒1119 | Pope Gelasius II (John of Gaeta) |
| 1118 | Mauritius Burdinus of Braga is established as (anti-)pope Gregory VIII by Henry V |
| 1119‒1124 | Pope Calixtus II (Guy, archbishop of Vienne) |
| 1119 | Council of Reims-Mouzon |
| 1122 (Sept.) | Concordat of Worms |
| 1123 | First Lateran Council ratifies the Concordat |
| 1124 | Death of Calixtus II |
| 1125 | Death of Henry V |