PHIL151 – Introduction to Philosophy

Review sheet, 2^nd exam

The second exam is Tuesday November 24^th. Although anything covered in class or the assigned readings since Oct. 15^th is fair game, what follows are the key concepts and distinctions you should focus on as you study.

Unit 3, part two, involving readings 13 and 14

What is Gettier’s objection to the definition of knowledge as justified true belief? How should we understand knowing?

What does Goodman’s “grue-bleen” problem say about confirmation and evidence?

Unit 4 (readings 15-21)

What is the difference between monotheism and polytheism?

What is the difference between an agnostic and an atheist?

What’s the difference between faith and demonstration? Why, according to Aquinas, would a faithful person nevertheless want demonstration?

How did Anselm try to prove that God exists?

How did Aquinas try to prove that God exists? (5 ways)

How is the “argument from evil” meant to work as a refutation of God’s existence? What are some other reasons to doubt God’s existence?

Unit 5-6 (readings 22-27)

What is Plato’s definition of justice? How does Plato argue that it is in one’s self-interest to be just?

What three virtues does Plato say will we need to develop in order to make ourselves just?

How does Plato respond to the idea that might makes right?

How does Plato respond to the idea of rule-following-based ethics?

What is utilitarianism?

What is Kantian rule-based ethics? How do we figure out the rules?

What is Aristotle’s virtue theory? How does he define courage?

What is Aristotle’s model of moral self-development?